Exploring salivary biomarkers and swallowing perceptions in Sjogren's syndrome: A case–control feasibility study

Background The autoimmune disease Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is often characterized by salivary changes that may affect swallowing. No known study has investigated the association between biomarkers and perceptions of swallowing in individuals with SS. Our objectives were to explore: (1) operational feasibility investigating saliva volume composition, along swallowing, those without SS; (2) relationship composition oral dryness, quality life. Methods We conducted a prospective, case–control study, collecting data (recruitment rate optimal collection methods) whole mouth samples (unstimulated stimulated). measured total protein content sialochemical (α-amylase, cortisol, C-reactive [CRP], mucins), sialometric (flow rate), perceptual (oral dryness swallowing-related life [SWAL-QOL]) assessments. exploratory analyses focused on main fixed effects. summarized all descriptively, comparing: (a) outcomes groups (t tests or Mann–Whitney U) (b) across participants (partial least-squares correlation [PLSC]). Results enrolled 12 (N) (6 per group), providing analyzable saliva. Cases had lower flow (p = 0.003) higher protein, CRP concentrations < 0.02) than controls. PLSC revealed inverse covariance SWAL-QOL participants. Conclusion was feasible as designed. explored novel relationships participant-reported perceptions, distinguishing findings support further saliva's role specifically analytes lubricative properties.